HarmonyOS

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    HarmonyOS 应用层                          │
│  ┌─────────┐  ┌─────────┐  ┌─────────┐  ┌─────────┐        │
│  │  App    │  │  App    │  │  App    │  │  App    │  ...    │
│  │(手机)   │  │(平板)   │  │(车机)   │  │(手表)   │        │
│  └────┬────┘  └────┬────┘  └────┬────┘  └────┬────┘        │
└───────┼────────────┼────────────┼────────────┼──────────────┘
        │            │            │            │
┌───────┴────────────┴────────────┴────────────┴──────────────┐
│                    HarmonyOS 框架层                           │
│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐    │
│  │  Stage模型 │ 分布式调度 │ 软总线 │ ArkTS │ ARK Runtime│   │
│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘    │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
        │
┌───────┴───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    HarmonyOS 内核层                            │
│  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐           │
│  │ Linux内核   │  │  LiteOS-A   │  │  LiteOS-M   │   ...     │
│  │ (富设备)    │  │  (高安全)   │  │  (小设备)   │           │
│  └─────────────┘  └─────────────┘  └─────────────┘           │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

// 鸿蒙内核采用分层设计，支持多种内核类型

enum KernelType {
    KERNEL_LINUX,    // 智能手机、平板等富设备
    KERNEL_LITEA,    // 智能家居、汽车等高安全等级设备
    KERNEL_LITEM,    // 耳机、手表等轻量级设备
    KERNEL_VIRTUAL   // 虚拟化部署场景
}

struct KernelConfig {
    uint32_t kernelType;
    bool enableMicroKernel;     // 微内核模式
    bool enable确定性时延;     // 实时性保证
    uint32_t isolationLevel;    // 服务隔离级别
};

// ArkTS 状态管理示例

import { State, Link, Prop } from '@ohos.arkui';

// 使用 @State 装饰器声明组件状态
@Component
struct Counter {
    // 状态变量 - 变化时触发UI重建
    @State count: number = 0;

    // 计算属性
    get doubleCount(): number {
        return this.count * 2;
    }

    @Builder
    build() {
        Column() {
            Text(`Count: ${this.count}`)
                .fontSize(30)

            Text(`Double: ${this.doubleCount}`)
                .fontSize(20)
                .fontColor(Color.Gray)

            Button('+1')
                .onClick(() => {
                    this.count++;
                })
        }
    }
}

// ArkTS 轻量级并发 - TaskPool

import { taskPool } from '@ohos.taskpool';

// 使用 @Concurrent 装饰器标记并发函数
@Concurrent
function processData(data: number[]): number {
    // 密集计算任务
    return data.reduce((sum, val) => sum + val, 0);
}

@Entry
struct MainPage {
    @State result: string = '';

    async onClick() {
        // 创建并发任务
        const task = new taskPool.Task(processData, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

        // 提交到线程池执行
        const result = await taskPool.execute(task);

        this.result = `Sum: ${result}`;
    }
}

// UIAbility 生命周期

import { UIAbility, AbilityLifecycleCallback } from '@ohos.app.ability.common';

class MyAbility extends UIAbility {

    // ① 应用首次启动时触发
    onCreate(want: Want): void {
        console.log('Ability onCreate');
    }

    // ② Ability 窗口创建完成
    onWindowStageCreate(windowStage: WindowStage): void {
        // 加载主页面
        windowStage.loadContent('pages/MainPage');
    }

    // ③ Ability 进入前台
    onForeground(): void {
        console.log('Ability onForeground');
    }

    // ④ Ability 进入后台
    onBackground(): void {
        console.log('Ability onBackground');
    }

    // ⑤ Ability 窗口销毁
    onWindowStageDestroy(): void {
        console.log('Ability onWindowStageDestroy');
    }

    // ⑥ Ability 销毁
    onDestroy(): void {
        console.log('Ability onDestroy');
    }
}

{
  "module": {
    "name": "entry",
    "type": "entry",
    "description": "$string:module_desc",
    "mainElement": "EntryAbility",

    "abilities": [
      {
        "name": "EntryAbility",
        "srcEntry": "./ets/entryability/EntryAbility.ts",
        "description": "$string:entry_ability_desc",
        "icon": "$media:icon",
        "label": "$string:entry_ability_label",
        "startWindowIcon": "$media:icon",
        "startWindowBackground": "$color:start_window_background"
      }
    ],

    "extensionAbilities": [
      {
        "name": "ShareExtension",
        "srcEntry": "./ets/extensionshare/EntryAbility.ts",
        "label": "$string:share_extension_label",
        "type": "share"
      }
    ]
  }
}

// ArkUI 声明式 UI 开发

@Entry
@Component
struct MyApp {
    @State message: string = 'Hello HarmonyOS';
    @State count: number = 0;

    @Builder
    CardView(title: string, content: string) {
        Column() {
            Text(title)
                .fontSize(20)
                .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
            Text(content)
                .fontSize(14)
                .fontColor(Color.Gray)
        }
        .padding(16)
        .backgroundColor(Color.White)
        .borderRadius(12)
    }

    @Builder
    build() {
        Column() {
            Text(this.message)
                .fontSize(32)
                .margin({ bottom: 20 })

            // 组件复用
            this.CardView('计数器', `当前值: ${this.count}`)

            Button('+1')
                .onClick(() => {
                    this.count++;
                })
                .margin({ top: 20 })
        }
        .width('100%')
        .height('100%')
        .padding(24)
    }
}

// 分布式跨设备流转开发

import { continuation, DeviceInfo } from '@ohos.distributedHardware';

// 发起跨设备流转
async startContinuation(): Promisevoid {
    // 获取附近可流转设备
    const devices = await continuation.getAvailableDevices();

    // 选择目标设备
    const targetDevice = devices[0];

    // 构造流转参数
    const params = {
        sessionId: 'game_session',
        state: this.gameState,
        timestamp: Date.now()
    };

    // 发起流转
    await continuation.start({
        device: targetDevice,
        abilityName: 'GameAbility',
        params: params
    });
}

// 接收端处理流转
class GameReceiver {
    onContinue(params: Object): void {
        this.gameState = params.state;
        this.restoreUI();
    }
}

// 鸿蒙 AI 能力调用示例

import { MCP } from '@ohos.ai';

// 使用意图理解服务
async analyzeIntent(query: string): Promise {
    const intent = await MCP.understand({
        query,
        context: this.getAppContext(),
        history: this.dialogHistory
    });

    return {
        action: intent.action,
        entities: intent.entities,
        confidence: intent.confidence
    };
}

// 智能体任务执行
async executeTask(intent: IntentResult): Promisevoid {
    const plan = await MCP.plan(intent);

    for (const step of plan.steps) {
        await MCP.execute(step);
    }
}

// 鸿蒙的终极愿景

const HARMONY_VISION = {
    unifiedEcosystem: "一次开发，多端部署",
    distributedComputing: "设备即算力",
    nativeKernel: "纯血鸿蒙",
    developerEarnings: "一次开发，多端收益"
};

// 开发者入局正当其时
if (developer.ready && ecosystem.growing) {
    developer.embrace(HARMONYOS);
    // 红利期：生态扩张 + 人才稀缺 + 政策扶持
}